Weather Satellite Nears Mars
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The orbiter will fire its main engine at 1:50 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time on Thursday, September 23, 1999, to slow itself down so that it can be captured in orbit around the planet. Signals confirming the event will be received on Earth about 11 minutes later at 2:01 a.m.
"The curtain goes up on this year's Mars missions with the orbit insertion of Mars Climate Orbiter," said Dr. Sam Thurman, flight operations manager for the orbiter at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. "If all goes well, the happily-ever-after part of the play will be the successful mission of the Mars Polar Lander that begins in December followed by the mapping mission of the orbiter that is set to begin next March."
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Mars Climate Orbiter's first assignment after it completes aerobraking will be to serve as the communications relay for its sibling spacecraft, Mars Polar Lander, set to land near the south pole on December 3. After the Lander's surface mission ends in February 2000, the orbiter's science mission begins with routine monitoring of the atmosphere, surface and polar caps for a complete Martian year (687 Earth days), the equivalent of almost two Earth years.
"We're interested in what happens during all the seasons of a Mars year. Weather is what happens from day-to-day and the long term effect of all of that is climate," said Dr. Richard Zurek, project scientist for the orbiter at JPL. "Mars Climate Orbiter will do what weather satellites do - it will take pictures of clouds, it will look for storms and it will try to understand the atmospheric winds by measuring temperature and pressure and by watching how the atmospheric distributions of dust and water vapor change with time."
Today the Martian atmosphere is so thin and cold that it does not rain; liquid water placed on the surface would quickly freeze into ice or evaporate into the atmosphere. The temporary polar frosts which advance and retreat with the seasons are made mostly of condensed carbon dioxide, the major constituent of the Martian atmosphere. But the planet also hosts both water-ice clouds and dust storms, the latter ranging in scale from local to global. If typical amounts of atmospheric dust and water were concentrated today in the polar regions, they might deposit a fine layer on the ground year after year. Consequently, the top meter (or yard) of the polar layered terrains could be a well-preserved tree-ring-like record showing tens of thousands of years of Martian geology and climatology.
The orbiter carries two science instruments: the Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer, a copy of the atmospheric sounder on the Mars Observer spacecraft lost in 1993; and the Mars Color Imager, a new, light-weight imager combining wide- and medium-angle cameras. The radiometer will measure temperatures, dust, water vapor and clouds by using a mirror to scan the atmosphere from the Martian surface up to 80 kilometers (50 miles) above the planet's limb. The radiometer was provided by JPL, supported by Oxford University and Russia's Space Research Institute; its principal investigator is Dr. Daniel McCleese of JPL.
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December 3: Mars Polar Lander nears touchdown  December 2: What next, Leonids? November 30: Polar Lander Mission Overview November 30: Learning how to make a clean sweep in space |
Mars Climate Orbiter is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, CO, is the agency's industrial partner for development and operation of the Orbiter. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology.
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Related Sites:
Mars Climate Orbiter - official web site at NASA/JPL
More Space Science Headlines - NASA research on the web
NASA's Office of Space Science press releases and other news related to NASA and astrophysics
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