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    Hands-on Research Gets Hot on HTHH, Tonga

    Left – Sally and Grace compare surface mud with mud from deeper in the sediment column, while Eva, Katherine, and Olivia look on; Center – Cam holds hot mud up to the camera while Eva looks off camera; Right – Photo of hot mud with stake that is being used to investigate tidal influence within the crater lake. Blue in the thermal camera is not only produced by the cold, but also the underwater areas in the top of the image. Credit: NASA/ Dan Slayback

    By Cameron Gallant and Katherine H. Webber /HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA'APAI, KINGDOM OF TONGA/ KATHERINE: Walking on deck, I welcomed our first sunny day at HTHH; however, upon reaching the island, I was greeted by hot black sand and an all-consuming heat that would last all day. Soon, as a part of the bird/vegetation team, Emily, …

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    ICON Begins Study of Earth’s Ionosphere

    A Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL rocket launched NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, satellite at 9:59 p.m. EDT on Oct. 10 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) to study the dynamic zone in our atmosphere where terrestrial weather from below meets space weather from above. The satellite was attached to the Pegasus XL rocket, …

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    ICON Flying Solo

    This illustration depicts NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, satellite that will study the frontier of space: the dynamic zone high in our atmosphere where terrestrial weather from below meets space weather from above. Photo credit: NASA

    The Pegasus XL rocket has gone through each of its three stage motors, reaching a top speed of nearly 17,000 mph. ICON has now separated from the rocket to begin its mission, orbiting 360 miles above the Earth. Learn more about NASA's ICON mission at: https://www.nasa.gov/icon

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    Pegasus XL Second and Third Stages Do Their Jobs

    Following first stage separation, the second stage motor ignited 1 minute and 34 seconds after launch, burning for 1 minute, 14 seconds before shutting down and separating. At 7 minutes, 18 seconds after launch, the third stage engine ignited and will burn for 1 minute and 9 seconds.

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    And Drop! NASA’s ICON is on Its Way

    A Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL rocket is attached to the company's L-1011 Stargazer aircraft. Secured inside the rocket's payload fairing is NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, satellite.

    We have ignition! Northrop Grumman's Pegasus XL rocket is delivering ICON, NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite, on its journey to the boundary between Earth and space where terrestrial weather from below meets space weather from above. After reaching 39,000 feet, the rocket was dropped from the underside of the Northrop Grumman L-1011 Stargazer aircraft about …

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    Stargazer Gearing up for Second Drop Attempt

    Northrop Grumman's L-1011 aircraft, Stargazer, is making its way back to the drop box – a 40-mile long area that the company's Pegasus XL rocket can be dropped in. Secured in the rocket's payload fairing in NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) – a satellite developed to study the Earth's ionosphere, where terrestrial weather from below meets …

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    First Launch Opportunity Waved off Due to Aircraft Communication Issues

    The first launch opportunity of a Pegasus XL rocket, carrying NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), was skipped due to communication issues between the ground team at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida and Northrop Grumman's L-1011 aircraft, Stargazer. The launch team is re-evaluating; the launch window remains open until 10:55 p.m. EDT.

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    Stargazer Enters the Drop Box

    The Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL rocket, carrying NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), has arrived at the Skid Strip at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Oct. 1, 2019.

    Northrop Grumman's Stargazer aircraft, carrying the company's Pegasus XL rocket with NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), has entered the drop box – a 40-mile long area that the rocket can be dropped in. At this point, Stargazer has reached the required altitude of 39,000 feet. In just a few moments, the rocket will drop from …

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    ICON Launch Countdown Continues

    An artistic representation of the Northrop Grumman L-1011 Stargazer flight path and Pegasus XL rocket launch trajectory. Please note: Images are not to scale.

    Follow along on NASA TV and the agency's website for the live launch broadcast, happening now. Before NASA's Pegasus XL rocket can carry the agency's ICON satellite to low-Earth orbit, Northrop Grumman's L-1011 Stargazer aircraft has to reach an altitude of 39,000 feet, which requires about an hour of flight time. Once there, Pegasus will …

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    Stargazer Aircraft Now Airborne

    Northrop Grumman's L-1011 Stargazer takes off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Oct. 10, 2019. The company's Pegasus XL rocket, containing NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), is attached beneath the aircraft.

    Northrop Grumman's Stargazer aircraft is airborne after taking off from the Skid Strip runway at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Stargazer is carrying the company's Pegasus XL rocket – a small expendable rocket that is the only operational air-launched rocket in the world. Pegasus is attached beneath the aircraft and will be carried to an …

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