Advancing Knowledge of Other Worlds

For decades, NASA’s planetary science program has advanced scientific understanding of our solar system in extraordinary ways, pushing the limits of spacecraft and robotic engineering design and operation.

NASA spacecraft have visited every planet and a variety of small bodies, and current and upcoming missions will bring back samples from exciting destinations, allowing detailed study and analysis back on Earth.

Using recommendations from the National Academies' Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032 as our guide, NASA planetary science missions and research inform us about our solar system's origin and evolution, which will enable the expansion of humanity beyond Earth.

Jupiter is in the upper right corner with moon Io to the bottom left.

Just hours before NASA's Juno mission completed its 53rd close flyby of Jupiter on July 31, 2023, the spacecraft sped past the planet's volcanic moon Io and captured this dramatic view of both bodies in the same frame.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS

Planetary Science Happenings

Graphic and text for Message in a Bottle campaign, showing scroll inside bottle image and text

Send Your Name on a Mission to Jupiter's Moon Europa

Sign on to a special work by the U.S. Poet Laureate that's riding on the Europa Clipper mission in 2024.

The image is zoomed in on Earth's globe, which takes up the entirety of the frame. In front of it hovers a metal box with wings.

NASA's OSIRIS-APEX Flies Close to the Sun on Path to Asteroid

OSIRIS-APEX will face the first major test of its mission to asteroid Apophis when flies close to the Sun, exposing its components to temperatures higher than they were originally designed to endure.

slightly blurry image of brown asteroid with smaller same to the left of it against blackness of space

Satellite Discovered by NASA’s Lucy Mission Gets a Name

The satellite discovered during the first asteroid encounter of NASA’s Lucy mission has been named “Selam” or ሰላም, which means “peace” in the Ethiopian language Amharic.

Day 4,000 and Counting on Mars

Four thousand Martian days after setting its wheels in Gale Crater on Aug. 5, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover remains busy conducting exciting science.

solar system exploration

Our Solar System

Join NASA's planetary science team as we explore our planetary neighborhood: The Sun, planets, moons, and millions of asteroids, and comets.

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Illustration of the Solar System.

NASA

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Inner Solar System

Exploring our solar system's inner, rocky worlds as NASA develops new missions to extend human presence beyond Earth.

Outer Solar System

Unlocking the secrets of distant worlds to understand more about the formation of our solar system.

Small Bodies

Revealing the foundational materials of our solar system with asteroids, comets, meteors, and objects in the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud.

Astrobiology

Looking for the origins of life on this planet and signs that it may exist elsewhere in the universe.

This is an updated montage of planetary images taken by spacecraft managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, CA. Included are from top to bottom images of Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

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Planetary Science Missions

NASA’s robotic explorers gather data to help scientists understand how the planets formed, what triggered different evolutionary paths among planets, what processes have occurred and are active, and how Earth among the planets became habitable.

In searching for evidence of life beyond Earth, scientists use these data to map zones of habitability, studying the chemistry of unfamiliar worlds, and unveiling the processes that lead to conditions necessary for life. With this knowledge, NASA is enabling safe and effective human missions to destinations beyond low Earth orbit.

Spiral graphic showing spacecraft of NASA's planetary science fleet

Current and future NASA Planetary Science Division missions. (Oct. 16, 2023)

NASA/Tricia Talbert

NASA missions continue to explore from the innermost planet, Mercury, to the outer reaches of the solar system, where Pluto orbits among many Kuiper Belt Objects. We have orbited and traversed the surface of Mars, finding evidence of liquid water and ancient habitable environments.

Closer to home, the Planetary Science Division uses Earth-orbiting telescopes and ground-based sensors in coordination with other organizations, including the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Air Force. These telescopes and sensors are used to survey space to detect, track, catalog, and characterize near-Earth objects (NEOs), which may pose hazards to Earth or provide destinations and resources for future exploration.

A small helicopter sits on the surface of Mars near the much larger Perseverance rover.

The Mars Perseverance rover poses for a selfie with its travel buddy, the Ingenuity helicopter.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

An illustration shows a spacecraft in silhouette above an icy moon's surface with reddish fractures. Beyond the moon's horizon, the planet Jupiter sits in the distance.

Illustration of NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft above Jupiter's ocean moon Europa. The spacecraft will use its powerful suite of science instruments to determine if the moon has the ingredients to support life as we know it – that is, "Is Europa habitable?"

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Falcon heavy rocket carrying Psyche spacecraft emits fire and smoke as it lifts off

A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket with the Psyche spacecraft onboard is launched from Launch Complex 39A, Friday, Oct. 13, 2023, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA’s Psyche spacecraft will travel to a metal-rich asteroid by the same name orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter to study it’s composition. The spacecraft also carries the agency’s Deep Space Optical Communications technology demonstration, which will test laser communications beyond the Moon.

NASA/Aubrey Gemignani