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Time Domain and Multi-Messenger Initiative

Recommended by the Astro2020 Decadal Report

About TDAMM Initiative

The Highest Priority Sustaining Activity in Space

The Astro2020 Decadal Report recommended time-domain and multi-messenger (TDAMM) astrophysics as the highest-priority sustaining activity in space.

Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020 (Astro2020) about The Highest Priority Sustaining Activity in Space
This image depicts a gamma-ray burst caused by the merger of two neutron stars.
This image depicts phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue)..
Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab

In response to this strong support, the NASA Astrophysics Division directed the Physics of the Cosmos Program Office to undertake a number of tasks. Physics of the Cosmos will

  1. Organize or support TDAMM workshops at regular intervals,
  2. Coordinate with the relevant community-driven Science Interest Groups and Science Analysis Groups,
  3. Conduct a three-phase TDAMM study investigating ways to improve coordination within the NASA fleet (Phase 1), with U.S. ground-based observatories (Phase 2), and internationally (Phase 3), and
  4. Recommend implementation strategies for enabling TDAMM science.

The Astrophysics Cross-Observatory Science Support (ACROSS) pilot is an outcome of the TDAMM Study that identified needs for

  1. A web portal providing access to open-source software and data systems that facilitate cross-observatory workflows,
  2. A help desk to provide subject-matter expertise and facilitate coordination, and
  3. An open science community grant program to incentivize innovation.

The PhysCOS TDAMM Initiative will execute the above tasks on behalf of the Astrophysics Division and will lead the implementation of the ACROSS pilot.

TDAMM Workshops

TDAMM Workshops are intended to provide a forum for sharing the latest scientific and technical information, incubating new ideas and improvements to the status quo, developing skills, and connecting the diverse TDAMM community. Participants produce a white paper summarizing the outcomes following each workshop.

The next TDAMM Workshop will be the following:

4th TDAMM Workshop

Date: 27 – 30 October 2025

Host: University of Alabama, Huntsville / USRA

Theme: Community-defined coordinated observing concepts for rare and important transient events.

Motivation: Define and prioritize science cases, triggering criteria, and the essential follow-up observations—ground and space, public and private—desired by the community so that observatory science teams can pre-coordinate plans and efficiently execute community-driven observations.

TDAMM Workshops

TDAMM Workshops are intended to provide a forum for sharing the latest scientific and technical information, incubating new ideas and improvements to the status quo, developing skills, and connecting the diverse TDAMM community. Participants produce a white paper summarizing the outcomes following each workshop.

4th TDAMM Workshop

27 – 30 October 2025
Huntsville, Alabama

This sequence constructed from Fermi Large Area Telescope data reveals the sky in gamma rays centered on the location of GRB 221009A. Each frame shows gamma rays with energies greater than 100 million electron volts (MeV), where brighter colors indicate a stronger gamma-ray signal. In total, they represent more than 10 hours of observations. The glow from the midplane of our Milky Way galaxy appears as a wide diagonal band. The image is about 20 degrees across.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration

3rd TDAMM Workshop

23-26 September 2024
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

An orange central region surrounded by a necklace-like ring of green and blue-green beads within a wider purple ring.

2nd TDAMM Workshop

16-18 October 2023
Tucson, Arizona

This image depicts a gamma-ray burst caused by the merger of two neutron stars.

1st TDAMM Workshop

22-24 August 2022
Annapolis, Maryland

Points of Contact

NamePositionInstitution
Dr. Christopher J. RobertsTDAMM Initiative ManagerNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Brian HumenskyTDAMM Study ScientistNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Jamie KenneaACROSS Pilot Implementation ScientistPenn State University

Physics of the Cosmos TDAMM Study

The PhysCOS TDAMM Study is investigating organizational, programmatic, and technical means to maximize the scientific return from NASA’s contributions to the diverse, global, and evolving TDAMM ecosystem.

The TDAMM Study scope is decomposed into three sequential yearlong phases. Phase 1 focused on defining an implementation plan to deliver an initial set of NASA TDAMM science support capabilities by October 2025. Results of the Phase 1 study were published in a special issue of Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. Subsequent study phases are examining means for improving coordination with U.S. ground-based observatories and institutions (Phase 2), and internationally (Phase 3).

TDAMM Study Points of Contact

NamePositionInstitution
Dr. Christopher J. RobertsTDAMM Initiative ManagerNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Brian HumenskyTDAMM Study ScientistNASA Goddard Space Flight Center

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