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Galaxies SIG Seminar

Galaxies Science Interest Group

DATE

May 7, 2025

TIME

11:00 am

COMMUNITY

Galaxies SIG

TYPE

Seminar

Connecting Galaxy Morphology and Astrophysics Using Interpretable AI 

John Wu | STScI / JHU

Galaxy growth and evolution are characterized by scaling laws. These relations characterize not just the interdependence of galaxies' physical properties, but also their morphologies, which carry imprints of their formation histories. Recent advancements in interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) now allow us to directly probe the connection between galaxy appearances—at the pixel scale—and their physical properties. Upcoming wide-area galaxy surveys will be critical for studying *typical galaxy populations* across the full range of their physical properties and detailed morphologies. Moreover, interpretable AI methods will readily identify *rare anomalies* that depart from these physical-morphological scaling laws. These complementary avenues of investigation will require data-driven insights enabled by Roman, Rubin, and Euclid, as well as targeted follow-up observations of anomalous galaxies via the unique capabilities of HWO, JWST, and Hubble.

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An illustration of Sun-like star HD 181327 and its surrounding debris disk. The star is at top right. It is surrounded by a far larger debris disk that forms an incomplete ellpitical path and is cut off at right. There’s a huge cavity between the star and the disk. The debris disk is shown in shades of light gray. Toward the top and left, there are finer, more discrete points in a range of sizes. The disk appears hazier and smokier at the bottom. The star is bright white at center, with a hazy blue region around it. The background of space is black. The label Artist's Concept appears at lower left.