Hubble’s View of Light Echo V838 Monocerotis

In January 2002, a red supergiant star named V838 Monocerotis expanded very quickly, heating the surrounding interstellar dust to extreme, glowing temperatures. This movie, created using eight images from the Hubble Space Telescope, reveals the dramatic changes observed between 2002 and 2006. A morphing sequence was applied to create smooth, seamless transitions between images. For reasons unknown, the star’s outer surface suddenly and greatly expanded resulting in it becoming the brightest star in the entire Milky Way Galaxy. Although the star’s flash appears to expel material into space (like a supernova), what we are actually seeing is an outwardly moving light echo of the bright flash. In a light echo, rings of interstellar dust that already surround the star reflect light from the flash. The light echo spans about six light years in diameter. The star, which lies about 20,000 light-years away from Earth, presumably ejected the illuminated dust shells in previous outbursts. The star has some similarities to highly unstable aging stars called eruptive variables, which suddenly and unpredictably increase in brightness. Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, ESA