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Sara Seager

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Professor of Planetary Science
Professor of Physics
Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Author: The Smallest Lights in the Universe: A Memoir

How will humanity first discover ET Life?
 Best guess: Via biosignature gases on exoplanet atmospheres
 Details: Within the next two decades we will have the capability to observe gases on rocky exoplanet atmospheres
Caveat #1
 There will be only a handful of ideally suitable planets for observation, because studying gases on small exoplanets is very challenging
 Take a guess at the odds with the Seager equation: https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/the-drake-equation/ 
 Credit: Information is beautiful
Caveats #2 and #3
 If we do not find what we are looking for with concepts being developed for the next few decades, we will need a new paradigm, such as in-space manufacturing and assembly
 Biosignature gases are signs of life, nothing more. We will not be able to 100% guarantee a suspect gas is produced by life
We want to be able to take our children and grandchildren, 
 nieces and nephews to a dark site and point to a sun-like star and tell them, 
 �That star has a planet like Earth.� �Credit: S. Seager