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Human System Risks
1 min read

The HSRB approaches to human system risks is analogous to the approach the engineering profession takes with its Failure Mode…

Mar 11, 2025
Topic
Risk to Crew Health Due to Electrical Shock (Electrical Shock Risk)
1 min read

It is important to protect humans from unintended electrical current flow during spaceflight. The thresholds for contact electrical shock are…

Mar 11, 2025
Article
Risk of Urinary Retention
1 min read

Exposure to the altered gravity in the spaceflight environment may cause physiological changes. One of these changes is the inability…

Mar 11, 2025
Article
Risk of Toxic Substance Exposure
1 min read

Safe, breathable air is essential for crew health. Human spaceflight has involved toxicological events ranging in severity from trivial to…

Mar 11, 2025
Article
Risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS Risk)
1 min read

Exposure to altered gravity can cause ocular and brain structural changes to develop during spaceflight; these changes could lead to…

Mar 11, 2025
Article
Risk of Renal Stone Formation
1 min read

Exposure to microgravity induces bone atrophy/bone loss which increases circulating calcium, impacting the renal stone risk. Risk mitigation strategies including…

Mar 11, 2025
Article
Risk of Reduced Physical Performance Capabilities Due to Reduced Muscle Size, Strength, and Endurance (Muscle Risk)
1 min read

Exposure to the microgravity environment causes muscle size, strength, and endurance to decline. Based on ISS data, if crew adhere…

Mar 11, 2025
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Risk of Reduced Physical Performance Capabilities Due to Reduced Aerobic Capacity (Aerobic Risk)
1 min read

Spaceflight causes measures of maximum aerobic capacity to decline, which can result in impaired mission task performance. Based on ISS…

Mar 11, 2025
Article
Risk of Reduced Crew Health and Performance Due to Hypoxia
1 min read

Human exploration missions will require robust, flexible Extravehicular Activity (EVA) architecture protocols that include the use of a reduced-pressure cabin…

Mar 11, 2025
Article