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The Hubble Sequence Throughout the Universe’s History
This image shows "slices" of the universe at different times throughout its history (present day, and at 4 billion and 11 billion years ago). Each slice goes further back in time, showing how galaxies of each type appear. The shape is that of the Hubble tuning-fork diagram, which describes and separates galaxies according to their morphology into spiral (S), elliptical (E), and lenticular (S0) galaxies. On the left of this diagram are the ellipticals, with lenticulars in the middle, and the spirals branching out on the right side. The spirals on the bottom branch have bars cutting through their centers.
The present-day universe shows big, fully formed, and intricate galaxy shapes. As we go further back in time, they become smaller and less mature, as these galaxies are still in the process of forming.
This image is illustrative. The Hubble images of nearby and distant galaxies used were selected based on their appearance; their individual distances are only approximate.
- Release DateAugust 15, 2013
- Science ReleaseHubble Sees True Shapes of Galaxies 11 Billion Years Back in Time
- CreditScience Release Credit: Illustration: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser (ESO); Science: NASA, ESA, and B. Lee, M. Giavalisco, and C. Williams (University of Massachusetts), Y. Guo (University of California, Santa Cruz), J. Lotz (STScI), A. van der Wel (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy), H. Ferguson (STScI), S. Faber (University of California, Santa Cruz), A. Koekemoer and N. Grogin (STScI), D. Kocevski (University of Kentucky), C. Conselice (University of Nottingham), S. Wuyts (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics), A. Dekel (The Hebrew University), J. Kartaltepe (Nataional Observatory Astronomy Observatory), and E. Bell (University of Michigan)
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Claire Andreoli
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland
claire.andreoli@nasa.gov
